TENSE

Present Perfect Tense in Hindi – नियम, उदाहरण और प्रयोग

Present Perfect Tense क्या है? सरल हिंदी में जानिए इसकी परिभाषा, नियम, वाक्य संरचना, 10+ उदाहरण व उनके हिंदी अनुवाद। सीखें Affirmative, Negative और Interrogative वाक्य एक ही टेबल में।

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Present Perfect Tense in Hindi – नियम, उदाहरण और प्रयोग

Present Perfect Tense क्या है? (सरल हिंदी में पूरी जानकारी)

अंग्रेज़ी भाषा सीखने में Tense यानी काल की अहम भूमिका होती है। किसी भी वाक्य में यह जानना ज़रूरी होता है कि क्रिया कब हुई – वर्तमान में, भूतकाल में या भविष्य में। आज हम Present Perfect Tense के बारे में विस्तार से सीखेंगे। यह लेख स्कूल के छात्रों, प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं की तैयारी कर रहे छात्रों और अंग्रेजी सीखने वालों के लिए बेहद उपयोगी है।

Present Perfect Tense की परिभाषा

Present Perfect Tense वह tense है जिसका प्रयोग उस कार्य के लिए किया जाता है जो अभी-अभी पूरा हुआ हो या जिसका प्रभाव अभी भी वर्तमान में हो।

उदाहरण:

मैंने खाना खा लिया है।
वह स्कूल जा चुका है।
वे दिल्ली पहुँच चुके हैं।

इन वाक्यों से पता चलता है कि कार्य पूरा हो चुका है लेकिन उसका असर अभी भी है। इसी स्थिति में हम Present Perfect Tense का प्रयोग करते हैं।

पहचान (Identification in Hindi)

Present Perfect Tense को पहचानने के लिए हिंदी वाक्य के अंत में अक्सर "चुका है", "चुकी है", "चुके हैं", "लिया है", "किया है", "गई है" जैसे शब्द आते हैं।

उदाहरण:

उसने स्कूल का काम कर लिया है।
मैंने तुम्हें पहले ही बताया है।
वे जा चुके हैं।

Structure (रचना) – अंग्रेज़ी में वाक्य कैसे बनाएं?

Affirmative Sentence (सकारात्मक वाक्य)

Structure:
🔹 Subject + has/have + V³ (past participle) + object

Subject	Helping Verb	उदाहरण
I, You, We, They, plural	have	I have eaten food.
He, She, It, Ram	has	She has gone to school.

Negative Sentence (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

Structure:
🔹 Subject + has/have + not + V³ + object

उदाहरण:

I have not eaten.
He has not come yet.

Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

Structure:
🔹 Has/Have + subject + V³ + object?

उदाहरण:

Have you finished your homework?
Has she come?

Negative Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्न + नकारात्मक)

Structure:
🔹 Has/Have + subject + not + V³ + object?

उदाहरण:

Have you not seen this movie?
Has he not returned yet?

Present Perfect Tense के उपयोग

अभी-अभी हुआ कार्य:
- मैंने चाय पी ली है।
  ➡ I have drunk tea.
ऐसा कार्य जो पहले कभी हुआ हो:
- मैंने कभी ताजमहल नहीं देखा है।
  ➡ I have never seen the Taj Mahal.
भूतकाल का कार्य जिसका असर वर्तमान पर हो:
- वह स्कूल जा चुका है (अब घर पर नहीं है)।
  ➡ He has gone to school.

Common Past Participles (V³) की सूची

Verb (V¹)	V³ (Past Participle)
Go	gone
Do	done
Eat	eaten
See	seen
Write	written
Come	come
Speak	spoken
Read	read (उच्चारण 'रेड')

Present Perfect Tense के उदाहरण वाक्य (हिंदी अर्थ सहित)

वाक्य प्रकार	वाक्य	हिंदी अनुवाद
Affirmative	I have completed my work.	मैंने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया है।
Negative	She has not come yet.	वह अभी तक नहीं आई है।
Interrogative	Have they gone to the market?	क्या वे बाजार गए हैं?
Negative Interrogative	Has he not finished his food?	क्या उसने अपना खाना खत्म नहीं किया है?

अभ्यास (Practice Questions)

हिंदी से अंग्रेजी में अनुवाद करें:

मैंने खाना खा लिया है।
क्या तुम स्कूल जा चुके हो?
वह अभी तक नहीं लौटी है।
क्या उन्होंने फिल्म नहीं देखी है?
मैं यह काम पहले कर चुका हूँ।

संभावित उत्तर:

I have eaten food.
Have you gone to school?
She has not returned yet.
Have they not watched the movie?
I have done this work before.

Present Perfect Tense vs Past Tense

Present Perfect	Past Simple
I have eaten. (खाना अभी खाया है या असर अभी है)	I ate food. (बीते समय में खाया था)
She has gone.	She went.

➡ याद रखें: Present Perfect में समय का उल्लेख (yesterday, last week आदि) नहीं किया जाता। अगर समय विशेष देना है, तो Past Simple Tense का प्रयोग करें।

यह रहे Present Perfect Tense के 50 उदाहरण वाक्य एक ही तालिका (table) में — जिनमें Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative, Negative Interrogative व हिंदी अनुवाद शामिल हैं:

Present Perfect Tense – 50 Sentences Table (With Hindi Meaning)

No.	Affirmative	Negative	Interrogative	Negative Interrogative	Hindi Meaning
1	I have eaten.	I have not eaten.	Have I eaten?	Have I not eaten?	मैंने खा लिया है।
2	He has gone.	He has not gone.	Has he gone?	Has he not gone?	वह चला गया है।
3	She has called me.	She has not called me.	Has she called me?	Has she not called me?	उसने मुझे बुलाया है।
4	We have finished the task.	We have not finished the task.	Have we finished the task?	Have we not finished the task?	हमने कार्य पूरा किया है।
5	They have arrived.	They have not arrived.	Have they arrived?	Have they not arrived?	वे आ चुके हैं।
6	You have helped me.	You have not helped me.	Have you helped me?	Have you not helped me?	तुमने मेरी मदद की है।
7	I have seen this movie.	I have not seen this movie.	Have I seen this movie?	Have I not seen this movie?	मैंने यह फिल्म देखी है।
8	He has bought a car.	He has not bought a car.	Has he bought a car?	Has he not bought a car?	उसने कार खरीदी है।
9	She has written a poem.	She has not written a poem.	Has she written a poem?	Has she not written a poem?	उसने कविता लिखी है।
10	We have gone to the park.	We have not gone to the park.	Have we gone to the park?	Have we not gone to the park?	हम पार्क गए हैं।
11	They have spoken the truth.	They have not spoken the truth.	Have they spoken the truth?	Have they not spoken the truth?	उन्होंने सच बोला है।
12	You have cleaned the room.	You have not cleaned the room.	Have you cleaned the room?	Have you not cleaned the room?	तुमने कमरा साफ किया है।
13	I have played cricket.	I have not played cricket.	Have I played cricket?	Have I not played cricket?	मैंने क्रिकेट खेला है।
14	He has opened the door.	He has not opened the door.	Has he opened the door?	Has he not opened the door?	उसने दरवाज़ा खोला है।
15	She has taken a bath.	She has not taken a bath.	Has she taken a bath?	Has she not taken a bath?	उसने स्नान किया है।
16	We have completed homework.	We have not completed homework.	Have we completed homework?	Have we not completed homework?	हमने होमवर्क पूरा किया है।
17	They have joined the class.	They have not joined the class.	Have they joined the class?	Have they not joined the class?	उन्होंने कक्षा जॉइन की है।
18	You have eaten breakfast.	You have not eaten breakfast.	Have you eaten breakfast?	Have you not eaten breakfast?	तुमने नाश्ता किया है।
19	I have met your friend.	I have not met your friend.	Have I met your friend?	Have I not met your friend?	मैंने तुम्हारे दोस्त से मुलाकात की है।
20	He has sent the mail.	He has not sent the mail.	Has he sent the mail?	Has he not sent the mail?	उसने मेल भेजी है।
21	She has washed the clothes.	She has not washed the clothes.	Has she washed the clothes?	Has she not washed the clothes?	उसने कपड़े धोए हैं।
22	We have learned the lesson.	We have not learned the lesson.	Have we learned the lesson?	Have we not learned the lesson?	हमने पाठ सीखा है।
23	They have visited Agra.	They have not visited Agra.	Have they visited Agra?	Have they not visited Agra?	उन्होंने आगरा देखा है।
24	You have found the key.	You have not found the key.	Have you found the key?	Have you not found the key?	तुम्हें चाबी मिल गई है।
25	I have forgotten the name.	I have not forgotten the name.	Have I forgotten the name?	Have I not forgotten the name?	मैंने नाम भूल गया हूँ।
26	He has brought the book.	He has not brought the book.	Has he brought the book?	Has he not brought the book?	वह किताब लाया है।
27	She has decorated the room.	She has not decorated the room.	Has she decorated the room?	Has she not decorated the room?	उसने कमरा सजाया है।
28	We have made a plan.	We have not made a plan.	Have we made a plan?	Have we not made a plan?	हमने योजना बनाई है।
29	They have repaired the car.	They have not repaired the car.	Have they repaired the car?	Have they not repaired the car?	उन्होंने कार की मरम्मत की है।
30	You have told the story.	You have not told the story.	Have you told the story?	Have you not told the story?	तुमने कहानी सुनाई है।
31	I have solved the question.	I have not solved the question.	Have I solved the question?	Have I not solved the question?	मैंने सवाल हल किया है।
32	He has broken the glass.	He has not broken the glass.	Has he broken the glass?	Has he not broken the glass?	उसने गिलास तोड़ा है।
33	She has drawn a picture.	She has not drawn a picture.	Has she drawn a picture?	Has she not drawn a picture?	उसने चित्र बनाया है।
34	We have watched the match.	We have not watched the match.	Have we watched the match?	Have we not watched the match?	हमने मैच देखा है।
35	They have visited the temple.	They have not visited the temple.	Have they visited the temple?	Have they not visited the temple?	वे मंदिर गए हैं।
36	You have broken the rule.	You have not broken the rule.	Have you broken the rule?	Have you not broken the rule?	तुमने नियम तोड़ा है।
37	I have painted the wall.	I have not painted the wall.	Have I painted the wall?	Have I not painted the wall?	मैंने दीवार रंगी है।
38	He has built a house.	He has not built a house.	Has he built a house?	Has he not built a house?	उसने घर बनाया है।
39	She has planted a tree.	She has not planted a tree.	Has she planted a tree?	Has she not planted a tree?	उसने पेड़ लगाया है।
40	We have enjoyed the party.	We have not enjoyed the party.	Have we enjoyed the party?	Have we not enjoyed the party?	हमने पार्टी का आनंद लिया है।
41	They have answered the question.	They have not answered the question.	Have they answered the question?	Have they not answered the question?	उन्होंने उत्तर दिया है।
42	You have started the engine.	You have not started the engine.	Have you started the engine?	Have you not started the engine?	तुमने इंजन स्टार्ट किया है।
43	I have cleaned the table.	I have not cleaned the table.	Have I cleaned the table?	Have I not cleaned the table?	मैंने मेज़ साफ की है।
44	He has checked the report.	He has not checked the report.	Has he checked the report?	Has he not checked the report?	उसने रिपोर्ट चेक की है।
45	She has played the piano.	She has not played the piano.	Has she played the piano?	Has she not played the piano?	उसने पियानो बजाया है।
46	We have booked the tickets.	We have not booked the tickets.	Have we booked the tickets?	Have we not booked the tickets?	हमने टिकट बुक किए हैं।
47	They have sold the house.	They have not sold the house.	Have they sold the house?	Have they not sold the house?	उन्होंने घर बेचा है।
48	You have completed the form.	You have not completed the form.	Have you completed the form?	Have you not completed the form?	तुमने फॉर्म पूरा किया है।
49	I have forgotten the password.	I have not forgotten the password.	Have I forgotten the password?	Have I not forgotten the password?	मैंने पासवर्ड भूल गया हूँ।
50	He has danced on stage.	He has not danced on stage.	Has he danced on stage?	Has he not danced on stage?	उसने मंच पर नृत्य किया है।

Present Perfect Tense अंग्रेजी भाषा में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण है। इसका सही प्रयोग आपके वाक्यों को ज्यादा प्रभावशाली और व्याकरणिक रूप से सटीक बनाता है। इस टेंस से हम ऐसे कार्यों की बात कर सकते हैं जो अभी-अभी हुए हैं या जिनका प्रभाव अब भी मौजूद है।

इस लेख में हमने Present Perfect Tense को सरल भाषा में परिभाषा, पहचान, नियम, उदाहरण, अभ्यास प्रश्न और तुलना के साथ सीखा है। अगर आप नियमित रूप से अभ्यास करेंगे तो इस टेंस का प्रयोग करते समय आपको कोई परेशानी नहीं होगी।